What is the word-by-word translation of in extremis?
[选择]
in the underworld
in a terrible state
in the embrace of death
in the furthest reaches
in a confusion

Question

What is the word-by-word translation of in extremis? 
[选择]
in the underworld
in a terrible state
in the embrace of death
in the furthest reaches
in a confusion

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The task asks for the word-by-word translation of the Latin phrase in extremis.
Note: The provided data includes a correct answer of "in the furthest reaches" but does not list any answer options to compare. I will explain the reasoning behind that translation and, where possible, contrast with typical translations of similar phrases.

Step-by-step analysis:
- The component "in" is a straightforward preposition meaning the same as English "in".
- The component "extremis" derives from the Latin root for extreme or outermost. In Latin, extremus refers to the farthest, outermost, or most extreme part of something. The form here conveys location in the farthest or outermost parts rather than near or middle.
- Putting these together, "in extremis" literally reads as "in the extreme/outermost (parts)". A natural English rendering captures this sense as being located at the farthest reaches or in an extreme context.

Why "in the furthest reaches" is a reasonable translation:
- It preserves the idea of being in the outermost or extreme extent of something, which aligns with the semantic field of extremis (extreme points, outer limits).
- It conveys a figurative sense of being at the limits or farthest reaches, which is a common English idiom for situations at the edge or limit of something.

Why other plausible renderings might be less accurate in a strict word-for-word sense:
- If one renders it as "in the extreme" or "in extreme circumstances," the phrase shifts from a location-based reading (outer parts) to a condition-based reading (state of extremity). While plausible in context, it is not as literal about location, and therefore could drift from a word-by-word translation.
- Translating to something like "in death" or "in danger" changes the intended scope from spatial extremity to a state or fate, which again moves away from the literal components of in + extremis.
- A gloss such as "in the ultimate" or "to the utmost limits" captures the extremity idea but varies in nuance and may not reflect the spatial sense suggested by the original phrase.

In summary, the phrase parts align to yield a translation that emphasizes being located at the farthest extremes, i.e., "in the furthest reaches," which matches the given correct answer. If there were additional options, they would likely differ in whether they emphasize spatial extremity versus abstract extreme states, and the word-for-word fidelity would favor those that preserve the outermost/extreme location sense.

CLA 030 001 WQ 2025 Homework 39: Latin Phrases, p. 262

What is the word-by-word translation of in extremis? [选择] in the underworld in a terrible state in the embrace of death in the furthest reaches in a confusion

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