According to Chambliss’s study on deviance, how did society’s reaction to the Roughnecks influence their behavior?

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In Chambliss’s study of the Roughnecks and the Saints, the way society reacted to the Roughnecks is central to understanding how their behavior was shaped. 
Option 1: 'It discouraged them from continuing deviant acts' — This is not consistent with Chambliss’s findings. The stigmatizing treatment and the label placed on the Roughnecks did not deter them; rather, it reinforced their identity as outsiders and did not address root causes, making continued deviance more likely in a hostile social environment.
Option 2: 'It had no effect on their behavior' — This ignores the fundamental idea of labeling and social reaction in the study. The whole point was that social reactions and institutions treat the group differently, which influences behavior, not that reactions are inconsequential.
Option 3: 'It led to stigmatization and limited their opportunities' — This accurately captures Chambliss’s argument. The negative labeling by peers, teachers, and the wider society restricted future prospects (education, employment, social networks), which in turn pushed the Roughnecks toward further deviance as a response to marginalization.
Option 4: 'It made them more accepted in school' — This contradicts the evidence of stigmatization and differential treatment. The study shows the opposite effect: being labeled and marginalized reduced acceptance and increased social distance from institutional support.

SOC001 Lecture SOC 001 Midterm Exam

According to Chambliss’s study on deviance, how did society’s reaction to the Roughnecks influence their behavior?

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