What is Kant's categorical imperative?

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Here is the question and the provided answer choices, analyzed one by one to illuminate why each option is accurate or flawed.
Option 1: 'treat others as a "means" and not as an "end"' This wording is close to the general Kantian thrust to respect persons, but Kant actually insists that we must treat people as ends in themselves and never merely as means. As a result, describing the imperative as treating others only as means misstates the first formulation of his principle.
Option 2: 'it is the idea that sympathy should be the basis of morality' This option aligns more with moral sentimentalism (or Humean views) than with Kant. Kant's ethics centers on rational universal laws and the form of the action, not primarily on sympathy or feeling as the foundation of morality, so this is not an accurate characterization.
Option 3: 'when making moral decisions act as though your action would become a universal law' This statement captures the core idea of Kant's categorical imperative, specifically the universality test: act only according to maxims that you could will to become universal laws. It reflects the formal, rule-guiding nature of Kantian ethics and the emphasis on rational consistency across all rational agents.
Option 4: 'the Divine Law set by God independent of human reason' This describes a view more aligned with divine command theory or theism-based moral foundations, not Kant’s philosophy. Kant grounds morality in reason and the autonomy of rational agents, not in external divine dictates.
Option 5: 'it is the argument that consequences are all that matter when it comes to morality' This describes consequentialism or utilitarian reasoning, which is explicitly at odds with Kant’s deontological approach that stresses duties and maxims over outcomes.

Introduction to Ethics Quiz for Unit 2

What is Kant's categorical imperative?

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