Which of the following bonds is ionic?

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The question asks which of the following bonds is ionic. We are given the options: a. Ca-O, b. All of the other options, c. H-H, d. C-Cl, e. S-O.
Option a. Ca-O: This bond is formed between calcium (a metal) and oxygen (a nonmetal). Calcium tends to lose two electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, while oxygen tends to gain two electrons. The resulting electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions (Ca2+ and O2−) constitutes an ionic bond, so this option is consistent with ionic bonding.
Option b. All of the other options: To judge this, we must evaluate the remaining options. If any of c, d, or e were not ionic, then this blanket choice would be incorrect. We will inspect the others to confirm.
Option c. H-H: The H2 molecule involves a covalent bond where two hydrogen atoms share a pair of electrons. This is a classic example of a covalent bond, not ionic.
Option d. C-Cl: In many situations, C-Cl bonds are polar covalent rather than purely ionic, since carbon and chlorine differ in electronegativity but still involve electron sharing rather than complete electron transfer to form ions. While polar covalent character exists, this bond is not ionic in the traditional sense.
Option e. S-O: Depending on the oxidation states and context, sulfur-oxygen bonds in many compounds (e.g., SO2, SO3) are often described as covalent with varying polarity, not purely ionic. While there can be ionic character in some ionic salts containing S and O, the typical S–O covalent bonds in common molecules are not ionic.
Putting it together, among the given choices, the Ca–O bond is the one that clearly represents an ionic bond, while the others are covalent or only display partial ionic character. Therefore, option a correctly identifies the ionic bond, whereas options c, d, and e describe covalent or partially covalent bonds, and option b would be true only if all other options were ionic, which they are not.
Thus, after evaluating each option, the ionic bond corresponding to Ca-O stands out as the correct description.

CHM1051 MUM S2 2025 CHM1051 Practice Exam 2

Which of the following bonds is ionic?

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