Cranial bones develop ________.

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Start by identifying the developmental pathway for cranial bones. 
Option 1: 'from cartilage models' describes endochondral ossification, which applies to many long bones but not typical flat skull bones. Cranial vault bones primarily form by intramembranous ossification, not by replacing a cartilage scaffold. 
Option 2: 'from a tendon' would imply tendon-to-bone formation, which is not a recognized mechanism for cranial bone development. Tendons guide muscle attachments, but they do not serve as the template for cranial bone formation. 
Option 3: 'within osseous membranes' suggests bone forms inside existing bone-containing membranes, which is inconsistent with the classic intramembranous process in cranial vault development, where mesenchyme directly differentiates into bone without a preexisting bone membrane. 
Option 4: 'within fibrous membranes' correctly reflects intramembranous ossification, where cranial bones arise directly from mesenchymal tissue within fibrous (dura mater-associated) membranes and skull sutures, bypassing a cartilage stage. 
In summary, the distinctive feature of cranial bone formation is its intramembranous origin within fibrous connective tissue membranes, rather than through cartilage templates or tendon-associated structures.

Cranial bones develop ________.

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