A talkative, extroverted young woman is strongly attracted to a quiet, introverted, middle-aged man. Her attraction to the man would be predicted by

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Consider the question: a talkative, extroverted young woman is strongly attracted to a quiet, introverted, middle-aged man. Her attraction to the man would be predicted by

Option 1: the exchange theory.
This theory emphasizes costs and rewards in relationships and mutual exchange over time. While it can explain some dynamics of partnership formation, it does not specifically predict attraction based on complementary personality traits like extraversion vs. introversion or age differences. Therefore this option is not the best predictor for this particular scenario.

Option 2: the matching phenomenon.
The matching phenomenon posits that people tend to pair with others who are similar in attractiveness or other characteristics, which helps to explain sustained relationships. However, in this vignette, the key feature is the opposite or complementary pairing of personality traits (extroverted vs. introverted) and the age difference, not similarity in the traits highlighted for matching. Thus this option does not align with the described attraction.

Option 3: ingratiation.
Ingratiation involves efforts to become more likable to someone else, often to gain favor or influence. It is a strategy used within interpersonal interactions, not a predictor of initial attraction between disparate personality types or ages. Therefore it does not explain why the attraction would be predicted in this scenario.

Option 4: complementarity.
Complementarity is the idea that individuals are attracted to others whose characteristics fill or balance their own traits, such as an extroverted person being drawn to an introverted partner who provides calm, reflective qualities, or vice versa. In this example, the extroverted, talkative woman may be attracted to the quiet, introverted man because their differing styles complement each other. This principle best accounts for the predicted attraction given the contrasting personalities and the age-related note.

Taken together, the reasoning above shows that among the options, complementarity most directly explains attraction in this scenario, while the other theories either describe broader relationship processes or do not specifically predict the given pairing based on trait complementarity.

A talkative, extroverted young woman is strongly attracted to a quiet, introverted, middle-aged man. Her attraction to the man would be predicted by

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