(29) Nation-states and civil institutions need to:

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Reiterating the prompt in my own words helps frame the analysis: Nation-states and civil institutions must respond to shifts in the global landscape. Now, let's assess each option in turn.

Option a: 'play a much more significant role in the world.' While states may need to engage more actively, the statement overgeneralizes the trend. It implies a universal shift toward a dramatically larger role, which may not always be the case given globalization, supranational actors, and changing power dynamics. The option is not as precise about how states should respond to the changing environment as the more targeted choice.

Option b: 'develop more effective socio-economic policies.' This is a plausible institutional objective, but it focuses specifically on domestic policy effectiveness rather than addressing the broader, evolving international context. It does not explicitly speak to adaptation to the changing international environment, which is the core requirement.

Option c: 'adjust to the changing international environment.' This option directly captures the need for both national and civil institutions to adapt in light of evolving global forces—such as shifts in power, technology, security threats, economic integration, and governance norms. It emphasizes responsiveness and flexibility in a dynamic system, which aligns with contemporary strategic thinking about state and civil institution roles.

Option d: 'accept that they are not relevant in today's world.' This is clearly incorrect, as it underestimates the continuing and evolving importance of nation-states and civil institutions in global affairs. It contradicts the reality of ongoing state-centered and institution-centered governance.

In summary, option c stands out as the best descriptor of the required stance for nation-states and civil institutions, because it emphasizes adaptation to a changing international environment, while the other options either overstate, narrow, or dismiss the role of these actors in global affairs.

(29) Nation-states and civil institutions need to:

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