Question at position 5 A research team studies diet type (vegetarian vs. non-vegetarian) and exercise intensity (low vs. high) on energy levels. Energy levels are higher with a vegetarian diet regardless of exercise intensity, but exercise has a greater impact on energy for non-vegetarians. What type of result is this?No interaction, only main effectsMain effect of diet onlyMain effects of both diet and exercise with an interactionMain effect of exercise only

Question

Question at position 5 A research team studies diet type (vegetarian vs. non-vegetarian) and exercise intensity (low vs. high) on energy levels. Energy levels are higher with a vegetarian diet regardless of exercise intensity, but exercise has a greater impact on energy for non-vegetarians. What type of result is this?No interaction, only main effectsMain effect of diet onlyMain effects of both diet and exercise with an interactionMain effect of exercise only

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When evaluating a study examining two factors—diet type (vegetarian vs. non-vegetarian) and exercise intensity (low vs. high)—and their effects on energy levels, we look for main effects and potential interactions between the factors.
Option 1: 'No interaction, only main effects' claims there is no interaction between diet and exercise. The scenario states that energy levels are higher with a vegetarian diet regardless of exercise intensity, but exercise has a greater impact on energy for non-vegetarians. This disparity in how exercise affects energy depending on diet indicates an interaction between the two factors, so this option mischaracterizes the results.
Option 2: 'Main effect of diet only' suggests only diet influences energy, with no impact from exercise or any interaction. However, the description explicitly notes that exercise intensity also influences energy, and differently across diet types, which contradicts the idea of a sole main effect for diet.
Option 3: 'Main effects of both diet and exercise with an interaction' asserts that both factors individually affect energy (main effects) and that the effect of one factor depends on the level of the other (an interaction). The given statement fits this pattern: vegetarian diet improves energy across exercise levels (a main effect of diet), high vs. low exercise influences energy (a main effect of exercise), and the observation that exercise impact differs by diet points to an interaction between the two factors.
Option 4: 'Main effect of exercise only' would mean only exercise affects energy, with no effect from diet and no interaction. The description contradicts this by stating diet alone improves energy irrespective of exercise and that exercise’s impact varies by diet, which means both factors matter.
In summary, the assessment that both diet and exercise have their own main effects, along with an interaction between them, aligns with the described pattern of results and distinguishes this scenario from the other possibilities that either omit one of the factors or deny the presence of an interaction.

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