Question at position 19 A research team studies diet type (vegetarian vs. non-vegetarian) and exercise intensity (low vs. high) on energy levels. Energy levels are higher with a vegetarian diet regardless of exercise intensity, but exercise has a greater impact on energy for non-vegetarians. What type of result is this?No interaction, only main effectsMain effect of exercise onlyMain effects of both diet and exercise with an interactionMain effect of diet only

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

We start by parsing what the question is asking: determine the type of result described when two factors—diet type (vegetarian vs. non-vegetarian) and exercise intensity (low vs. high)—influence energy levels, with a specific pattern given.
Option 1: 'No interaction, only main effects' would mean the effect of diet is the same at all levels of exercise and the effect of exercise is the same at all diet levels. However, the description states that exercise has a greater impact on energy for non-vegetarians, indicating the effect of one factor depends on the level of the other factor. This is evidence of an interaction, so this option is incorrect.
Option 2: 'Main effect of exercise only' would imply that only exercise changes energy levels and diet has no effect at all. The scenario explicitly notes that energy levels are higher with a vegetarian diet regardless of exercise intensity, showing a diet effect that exists independently of exercise level. Therefore, this option is incorrect.
Option 3: 'Main effects of both diet and exercise with an interaction' captures two important ideas: (a) there are individual main effects of both factors—vegetarian diet raises energy levels across exercise levels, and higher exercise intensity raises energy levels across diets; and (b) there is an interaction, because the magnitude of the exercise effect differs depending on diet (exercise has a larger impact for non-vegetarians). This aligns with the described pattern.
Option 4: 'Main effect of diet only' would imply diet changes energy levels but exercise does not. The prompt states that exercise does have an impact (and interacts with the diet effect), so this option is incorrect.
In summary, the description presents both main effects for diet and for exercise, plus an interaction between them, which is best described by Option 3.

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