True or false: Research indicates that moderate weight loss (i.e., 5% of initial body weight) can improve insulin sensitivity and thereby improve blood glucose control.

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Topic framing: The statement asks about whether research shows that modest weight loss, around 5% of initial body weight, can enhance insulin sensitivity and lead to better blood glucose control. 
Option 1: True. Across numerous studies, even modest weight reductions (about 5–7% of body weight) are associated with meaningful metabolic improvements. Mechanistically, shedding fat mass, particularly visceral fat, tends to reduce inflammatory mediators and free fatty acids, which can improve insulin signaling in tissues like muscle and liver. Clinically, this translates to improved insulin sensitivity and better glycemic metrics such as lower fasting glucose and improved HbA1c in people with insulin resistance, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes. Thus, the assertion aligns with the bulk of evidence that weight loss can meaningfully impact glucose metabolism when the loss is of a clinically relevant magnitude. 
Option 2: False. Arguing against this would require claiming that moderate weight loss has no impact on insulin sensitivity or glucose control. In that case, one would be ignoring a substantial body of randomized and observational data showing positive metabolic responses to weight reduction. While the degree of improvement can vary among individuals due to genetics, baseline metabolic state, and adherence to lifestyle changes, the general trend supports improvement, not a complete lack of effect. 
Option 3: Both none and some studies suggest no effect. This would be inconsistent with the overall consensus, as the majority of well-conducted research indicates at least some improvement in insulin sensitivity with modest weight loss. It’s important to acknowledge variability, but that does not equate to a universal null effect. 
Option 4: It only affects insulin levels, not sensitivity or glucose control. This is inaccurate because insulin sensitivity is a central determinant of how effectively insulin lowers blood glucose; weight loss tends to improve sensitivity, which in turn improves glucose control. Focusing solely on insulin levels without addressing sensitivity misses the core mechanism by which weight loss exerts metabolic benefits. 
In summary, the strongest and most consistent interpretation of the literature is that moderate, around-5% weight loss can improve insulin sensitivity and, as a consequence, blood glucose control, though individual results may vary based on several factors.

HUMNTR 2410 SP2025 (15848) 营养实验室：糖尿病

True or false: Research indicates that moderate weight loss (i.e., 5% of initial body weight) can improve insulin sensitivity and thereby improve blood glucose control.

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