How do GH and IGF-1 differ in their influence on insulin sensitivity?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When evaluating how GH (growth hormone) and IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) influence insulin sensitivity, consider the distinct metabolic actions of these hormones. 
Option a: 'Neither GH nor IGF-1 plays a significant role in regulating insulin's effects on glucose metabolism.' This is inaccurate because both hormones clearly modulate insulin action: GH tends to antagonize insulin by impairing insulin signaling in various tissues, and IGF-1 generally has insulin-sensitizing properties in muscle and can promote glucose uptake. 
Option b: 'Both GH and IGF-1 act to reduce insulin sensitivity.' This is misleading. While GH often reduces insulin sensitivity, IGF-1 does not typically act to reduce insulin sensitivity; in many contexts IGF-1 enhances insulin action and can improve glucose uptake, especially in muscle, which counteracts insulin resistance rather than exacerbating it. 
Option c: 'GH decreases insulin sensitivity by disrupting insulin signaling, whereas IGF-1 enhances insulin action in muscle.' This aligns with the established physiology: GH promotes lipolysis and raises glucose production, contributing to insulin resistance, while IGF-1 improves peripheral glucose uptake and can augment insulin signaling in muscle, supporting better insulin sensitivity. 
Option d: 'GH increases glucose uptake in muscle, while IGF-1 mainly promotes fat breakdown.' This is not correct: GH does not primarily increase muscle glucose uptake; it can increase hepatic glucose production and reduce insulin sensitivity. IGF-1 does promote anabolic effects and can enhance insulin-like actions in muscle, but saying IGF-1 mainly promotes fat breakdown misstates its primary action, which is more about facilitating insulin/IGF-1 signaling and glucose utilization in muscle. 
In summary, option c correctly describes the contrasting effects: GH tends to impair insulin sensitivity by interfering with insulin signaling, while IGF-1 tends to enhance or support insulin action in muscle, improving glucose uptake and sensitivity. The other options mischaracterize the roles or scope of these hormones in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling.

How do GH and IGF-1 differ in their influence on insulin sensitivity?

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