Since 1970, the occurrence of malaria has come roaring back in prevalence. Why?

Question

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The task presents the question: Since 1970, the occurrence of malaria has come roaring back in prevalence. Why?

Option analysis:

- If the only provided option is: 'Malaria-carrying species of mosquitos have become resistant to insecticides.' This statement identifies insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes as a key factor that undermines vector control efforts. When mosquito populations evolve resistance to commonly used insecticides (for example, DDT or pyrethroids), the effectiveness of spraying campaigns and treated nets diminishes, allowing more mosquitoes to survive and transmit malaria. This leads to higher malaria incidence and makes eradication or control more challenging. The mechanistic rationale is straightforward: reduced mosquito mortality leads to increased vector density and longer lifespan, which raises the probability of parasite transmission to humans.

Rationale and context:
- Insecticide resistance reduces the impact of vector control programs that rely on chemical interventions, leading to resurgence in transmission intensity.
- Other potential contributing factors (not presented here) include changes in land use, climate variability, human migration, and gaps in intervention coverage. However, given the single option provided, insecticide resistance directly aligns with a well-documented mechanism for malaria control failure and resurgence.

In summary, the claim that malaria-carrying species of mosquitos have become resistant to insecticides explains a fundamental reason why malaria prevalence can rebound when control measures lose their effectiveness due to resistance.

11:375:101:01 INTRO ENV SCIENCE Exam #3

Since 1970, the occurrence of malaria has come roaring back in prevalence. Why?

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