Inflation occurs when:

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Question: Inflation occurs when:

Option a: The quantity of money in circulation rises faster than the stock of goods and services.
- This statement aligns with the classic quantity theory of money: if money supply grows faster than real output, more dollars chase the same amount of goods, leading to higher prices. The intuition is that aggregate demand increases relative to aggregate supply, putting upward pressure on the price level.

Option b: The money supply decreases and the output increases.
- A shrinking money supply tends to reduce overall spending, which, all else equal, would lower demand and put downward or disinflationary pressure on prices, not cause inflation. Higher output with less money circulating typically lowers price levels unless offset by other factors like productivity shocks, which is not the inflation mechanism described here.

Option c: The stock of goods and services increases and the quantity of money in circulation decreases.
- If the supply of goods and services grows while the money supply shrinks, you would expect prices to fall or inflation to be subdued, since there is more goods for less money. This scenario does not generate inflation; it tends to have the opposite effect.

Option d: Output increases faster than the money supply.
- When output grows faster than money supply, the real balance of money may rise relative to GDP, which can dampen price increases or even reduce inflationary pressure. This situation does not describe inflationary dynamics; it suggests a lower tendency for price levels to increase.

In summary, option a correctly captures the standard condition under which inflation arises in basic macroeconomic frameworks: a faster-growing money stock relative to real output drives prices up, while the other options describe conditions that would not produce inflation or would do so only under different or additional assumptions not stated here.

MGF2351 - S2 2025 Week 11 Quiz

Inflation occurs when:

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