The estimation of the population average family expenditure on food based on the sample average expenditure of 1,000 families is an example of

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The question describes using the sample average expenditure from 1,000 families to estimate the population average expenditure on food. This involves making an inference from sample data to a broader population.

Option 1: inferential statistics. This is the best fit because inferential statistics are methods that use sample data to draw conclusions about a population parameter, such as the population mean, which is exactly what is being estimated here.

Option 2: a statistic. A statistic is a numerical summary derived from the sample data itself (for example, the sample mean). While the sample mean is a statistic, the overall activity described—estimating a population mean from a sample—relates to inference beyond the sample, so labeling the situation simply as a statistic misses the inferential goal.

Option 3: descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics summarize or describe the sample data at hand (like the 1,000 sample expenditures) without making inferences about the population. The scenario goes beyond description, aiming to generalize to the population, so this is not correct.

Option 4: a parameter. A parameter is a fixed, unknown quantity describing the entire population (such as the true population mean). The process described uses the sample to estimate that value, not to state the exact population parameter itself, so this option is inaccurate.

The estimation of the population average family expenditure on food based on the sample average expenditure of 1,000 families is an example of

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