According to Steinberg, the United States became an industrial powerhouse during the Industrial Revolution with factories, machines, and railroads and a socioecological regime based on two factors -- ______________.

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The question attributes to Steinberg a view of the United States as an industrial powerhouse during the Industrial Revolution, characterized not only by factories, machines, and railroads but also by a socioecological regime shaped by two factors. 
Option 1: 'The exploitation of the American Indians and the use of African agricultural techniques.' This option mixes historical themes (colonial/Indigenous exploitation, and African agricultural techniques) that are not the two factors Steinberg identifies as constitutive of the socioecological regime linked to industrial growth. It misattributes the driving pair to Indigenous exploitation and agricultural methods rather than the specific labor and ecological dynamics Steinberg emphasizes. 
Option 2: 'The abundance of land in the West and the "American Dream".' While land abundance and the notion of the American Dream are prominent themes in American history, they are not the two factors Steinberg links to a socioecological regime accompanying industrial expansion. This choice highlights desire and geography rather than the concrete mechanisms of labor relations and environmental exploitation that characterize the regime in question. 
Option 3: 'Wage labor and the exploitation of nature.' This option directly points to two central mechanisms commonly identified in analyses of industrial society: wage labor as the mode of production that reorganizes work under capitalist norms, and the exploitation of nature as the ecological dimension accompanying industrial capitalism. This pairing aligns with Steinberg’s framing of a socioecological regime driven by capitalist labor relations and environmental extraction, making it the correct match to the question. 
Overall, only Option 3 correctly identifies the two factors Steinberg emphasizes—wage labor and nature exploitation—while Options 1 and 2 either mix unrelated historical themes or emphasize broad ideals that do not capture the specified socioecological regime.

According to Steinberg, the United States became an industrial powerhouse during the Industrial Revolution with factories, machines, and railroads and a socioecological regime based on two factors -- ______________.

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