Question at position 21 Human beings will often reason from the specific to the general. That is, people often will form general rules and concepts based on specific experiences and examples. This type of reasoning is termedmetacognitionproblem spacinginductive reasoningdeductive reasoningsubgoaling

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The prompt presents a question about a specific type of reasoning described as people forming general rules from specific experiences and examples. I will evaluate each option in turn.
Option 1: metacognition. Metacognition refers to thinking about one's own thinking processes—reflecting on how we learn, plan, monitor comprehension, and adjust strategies. It is not the term for deriving general rules from particular instances, so this option is incorrect.
Option 2: problem spacing. Problem spacing relates to the distribution of study or practice problems over time (spaced repetition) to improve learning. It has to do with study design, not the cognitive process of generalizing from specifics. This makes it an unsuitable label for the described reasoning.
Option 3: inductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning is precisely the process of forming general conclusions, rules, or theories based on specific observations or examples. This aligns with the description given in the question, making it the correct match.
Option 4: deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning starts from general principles or premises and derives specific conclusions. It moves from the general to the particular, which is the opposite direction of the described reasoning in the question, so this choice is incorrect.
Option 5: subgoaling. Subgoaling is a strategy in problem-solving where a larger goal is broken into smaller, more manageable subgoals. While it relates to planning, it does not capture the specific idea of generalizing from concrete instances to a rule, so this is not the correct term here.

Question at position 21 Human beings will often reason from the specific to the general. That is, people often will form general rules and concepts based on specific experiences and examples. This type of reasoning is termedmetacognitionproblem spacinginductive reasoningdeductive reasoningsubgoaling

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