According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, income inequality is:

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The question asks about how the OECD characterizes income inequality, and presents three options for evaluation. 
Option 1: 'determined as the ratio between the average income of the richest 10% of the population to the poorest 10% of the population.' This framing corresponds to a common inequality metric (the 90/10 income ratio), which captures how far the top earners are from the bottom earners. If the material states that OECD uses this ratio to define inequality, this option aligns with that definition. 
Option 2: 'decreasing with globalization, skill-based technological change, and changes in countries' policy approaches.' This statement asserts a trend about inequality driven by globalization and technology, suggesting it decreases as these forces operate. In many analyses, these forces are associated with rising or shifting inequality in various contexts rather than a universal decrease, so this claim is inconsistent with broad OECD findings and is therefore unlikely to be correct. 
Option 3: 'contributing to the increase in purchasing power of the middle class.' This asserts that inequality contributes to a rise in middle-class purchasing power, which is counterintuitive to the standard interpretation of income inequality as a gap between different income groups. Typically, rising inequality implies a relative widening gap that can erode or not uniformly bolster middle-class purchasing power, making this option misleading or incorrect. 
In summary, Option 1 presents a definitional metric for inequality that directly describes how the measure can be constructed (top vs bottom decile ratio), while Options 2 and 3 present claims about trends and effects that are not consistent with the conventional or the stated OECD framing.

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According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, income inequality is:

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