Consider a sample of gas in a tank. Under which of the following conditions would you expect the most ideal behaviour?

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To assess which condition yields the most ideal gas behaviour, we need to consider how real-gas deviations depend on temperature, pressure, and intermolecular forces.
Option a: Low temperature and low pressure. At low temperature, intermolecular attractions become more significant relative to kinetic energy, and the gas is more likely to condense or deviate from ideal behaviour. Even though low pressure helps, the temperature factor makes deviations more pronounced.
Option b: High temperature and high pressure. High temperature tends to drive particles apart and reduce the relative importance of attractive forces, which favors ideal behaviour, but high pressure brings molecules closer together, enhancing interactions and repulsions that cause deviations from ideality. The net effect is a mixed or less ideal behaviour than the best-case scenario.
Option c: High temperature and low pressure. This combination is the classic condition under which gases behave most ideally: high temperature provides large kinetic energy that overcomes attractive forces, while low pressure increases intermolecular spacing, reducing interactions. Thus the gas approaches the ideal-gas model most closely in this regime.
Option d: Low temperature and high pressure. Both factors here amplify deviations: low temperature enhances attractions and potential condensation, and high pressure forces particles closer, increasing intermolecular interactions. This is a clear recipe for non-ideal behaviour.
Option e: Moderate temperature and pressure. While moderate values reduce extremes, they do not minimize interactions as effectively as the extreme case of high temperature with low pressure. Deviations from ideality can still be present in moderate conditions, depending on the specific gas and magnitude of interactions.
In summary, the dominant trend is that increasing temperature reduces the relative effect of intermolecular forces, whereas decreasing pressure increases particle separation; combining both—high temperature and low pressure—yields the most ideal-like gas behaviour among the options.

CHM1051 MUM S2 2025 CHM1051 Practice Exam 2

Consider a sample of gas in a tank. Under which of the following conditions would you expect the most ideal behaviour?

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