During a hypothesis test, any of the following may be provided as evidence based on your data except for which one?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Restating the question: In a hypothesis test, which of the following may be provided as evidence based on your data, except for which one?

Since the answer choices are not shown in the provided data, I will explain based on standard hypothesis-testing practice and the given answer: 'population parameter' is the exception.

First, consider what counts as evidence from data in hypothesis testing. When you collect sample data, you typically derive evidence in the form of:
- a point estimate or interval for the population parameter (for example, a sample mean or a confidence interval for the mean, a sample proportion or a CI for a proportion),
- a test statistic (such as a t-statistic, z-statistic, or chi-square statistic) that is used to assess how far the data are from the null hypothesis,
- a p-value that quantifies the probability of observing data as extreme as, or more extreme than, what was observed under the null hypothesis,
- effect sizes or measures of practical significance, which summarize the magnitude of the observed effect.

Now, evaluate why 'population parameter' itself is the exception. The population parameter is the unknown quantity we aim to learn about and infer from the data; it is what we are trying to estimate or test hypotheses about. It is not evidence produced by the data. Rather, it is the target of inference. In other words, you do not obtain evidence about the parameter by measuring the parameter directly; you obtain indirect evidence through sample statistics, p-values, confidence intervals, and related quantities that inform us about the likely value of the parameter.

If the missing options included items like 'sample mean,' 'p-value,' 'confidence interval for the mean,' or 'test statistic,' each would be considered evidence derived from the data and used to inform the hypothesis test. The statement that one could not be provided as evidence would be the population parameter itself, since the parameter is the quantity we are estimating, not an evidential artifact produced by the data.

In summary, the core idea is that data-derived evidence consists of statistics and estimates about the population parameter, not the parameter itself. Therefore, among typical choices, 'population parameter' stands as the item that is not evidence produced from the data in the context of a hypothesis test.

stat_400_120258_253926 PA12-1

During a hypothesis test, any of the following may be provided as evidence based on your data except for which one?

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stat_400_120258_253926 PA12-1

During a hypothesis test, any of the following may be provided as evidence based on your data except for which one?

View Explanation

Log in for full answers

Similar Questions

Which one is true?

For an upper-tail hypotheses about a population mean with σ known and α=5%, which one is the rejection region?

For a given sample, the P-value for upper tail test is x, and the P-value for two-tailed test is y, then

For a two-tailed hypothesis test with a test statistic value of z = 2.09, the p-value is _____.

For a sample size of 30, changing from using the t distribution to using the standard normal distribution in a hypothesis test _____.

Exhibit 9-5 n = 16 H0: μ ≥ 80 = 75.607 Ha: μ < 80 σ = 8.6 Assume the population is normally distributed. Refer to Exhibit 9-5. The p-value is equal to _____.

Exhibit 9-1 ​ ​ Refer to Exhibit 9-1. If the test is done at a .01 level of significance, the null hypothesis should _____.

What conclusion for a test would correctly detect a difference between the actual parameter and the hypothesized value for the parameter? c08.p089.q0008

More Practical Tools for Students Powered by AI Study Helper

Making Your Study Simpler

Exhibit 9-1 Refer to Exhibit 9-1. If the test is done at a .01 level of significance, the null hypothesis should _____.