What is a major risk of excessive water intake during long-duration exercise?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When considering risks associated with fluid intake during prolonged exercise, the body's balance of electrolytes, particularly sodium, is crucial. Excessive water consumption can dilute blood sodium concentration, leading to a potentially dangerous condition known as hyponatremia. This occurs because kidneys may not be able to excrete the large volume of water quickly enough, causing sodium levels to drop and resulting in symptoms ranging from nausea and confusion to seizures in severe cases.

Option 1: Electrolyte surplus. This phrasing is vague and misleading; the issue with excessive water intake is not an excess of electrolytes but rather a dilution of them, especially sodium. In most cases of exercise-associated hyponatremia, total electrolyte intake can be normal or even inadequate relative to fluid load.

Option 2: Hyperglycaemia. High blood glucose is not the primary risk associated with drinking too much water during endurance activity. Hyperglycemia has different etiologies (e.g., insulin management in diabetes) and does not characterize the immediate danger of overhydration.

Option 3: Muscle cramps. Although cramps can occur in endurance events due to fatigue, dehydration, or electrolyte shifts, they are not the major risk that defines the critical danger of overhydration. Hyponatremia is the more serious and potentially life-threatening concern.

Option 4: Exercise-associated hyponatremia. This term directly identifies the key risk linked to excessive water intake during long-duration exercise. It reflects the dilutional hyponatremia that can impair neural function and lead to serious clinical consequences if not recognized and managed promptly.

In summary, the central hazard of drinking too much during extended activity is the development of low sodium levels in the blood (hyponatremia) due to water excess, while the other options either mischaracterize the mechanism or point to less severe or unrelated issues.

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What is a major risk of excessive water intake during long-duration exercise?

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