Question at position 20 In hypovolemic hyponatremia, which component exceeds the loss of water?PotassiumMagnesiumGlucoseSodiumCalcium

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To tackle this question, first identify the clinical context: hypovolemic hyponatremia involves a loss of body fluids with a drop in extracellular fluid volume. The key electrolyte that typically accompanies volume depletion is sodium, since many causes of hypovolemia (e.g., GI losses, diuretics) involve substantial sodium loss relative to water.

Option 1: Potassium. While potassium can be lost in various fluid losses, the prompt asks which component exceeds the loss of water. Potassium loss is not the defining feature of hypovolemic hyponatremia and does not characteristically exceed water loss as the principal driver of the hyponatremic state.

Option 2: Magnesium. Magnesium losses can occur in some disorders or along with other electrolyte disturbances, but they are not the central determinant in hypovolemic hyponatremia and do not typically exceed water loss to explain the hyponatremia.

Option 3: Glucose. Glucose itself is a metabolic substrate, and while hyperglycemia can cause osmotic shifts that influence measured sodium (pseudo-hyponatremia), glucose is not the component that characteristically exceeds water loss in classic hypovolemic hyponatremia.

Option 4: Sodium. This is the principal electrolyte that is lost with extracellular fluid depletion in many hypovolemic states. When sodium loss outpaces water loss, the body becomes hyponatremic due to a deficit of effective osmolality in the extracellular compartment, making sodium the component that exceeds water loss in this scenario.

Option 5: Calcium. Calcium disturbances can occur in various contexts, but calcium is not the hallmark electrolyte that preferentially exceeds water loss in hypovolemic hyponatremia and does not explain the hyponatremia itself.

Overall, the reasoning centers on the fact that in hypovolemic hyponatremia, the hallmark is a disproportionate loss of sodium relative to water, leading to decreased serum sodium concentration. The other electrolytes listed are not the characteristic drivers of the hyponatremic state in this context.

Question at position 20 In hypovolemic hyponatremia, which component exceeds the loss of water?PotassiumMagnesiumGlucoseSodiumCalcium

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