ATP might be broken down to AMP plus PPi (not mentioned in the video), or it could be broken down to ADP + Pi (mentioned in the video). Either way, this is a/an ________ reaction (mentioned in the video), a highly favorable reaction that can be used to power other cellular processes.

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Question restatement: The text describes ATP being broken down either to AMP + PPi (not in video) or to ADP + Pi (in video). In both cases, it is described as a highly favorable reaction that can power other cellular processes. Answer options: hydrolysis, ligation, redox, isomerization.

Option 1 — hydrolysis: This is the correct description. ATP cleavage in these ways involves the addition of water (H2O) to break phosphoanhydride bonds, releasing energy that many cellular processes harness. This type of reaction is hydrolysis, and the phrase ‘highly favorable’ reflects the large negative free energy change associated with ATP hydrolysis that drives endergonic reactions.

Option 2 — ligation: Ligation refers to joining two molecules together, often catalyzed by ligases (e.g., DNA ligase seals backbones). ATP hydrolysis does not describe joining substrates in this context, so this option misrepresents the chemical process being discussed.

Option 3 — redox: Redox refers to reduction–oxidation reactions, involving electron transfer. ATP hydrolysis does not primarily involve electron transfer between substrates, so labeling the process as redox is inaccurate for ATP breakdown.

Option 4 — isomerization: Isomerization involves rearranging atoms within a molecule to form isomers. ATP hydrolysis changes the chemical bonds by adding water, not rearranging isomeric structures, so this option is not appropriate for describing ATP cleavage.

In summary, only hydrolysis correctly characterizes the breaking of ATP bonds with water to yield energy, while ligation, redox, and isomerization describe different types of chemical processes that do not match the described ATP breakdown.

ATP might be broken down to AMP plus PPi (not mentioned in the video), or it could be broken down to ADP + Pi (mentioned in the video). Either way, this is a/an ________ reaction (mentioned in the video), a highly favorable reaction that can be used to power other cellular processes.

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