What does a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) on a Pap smear commonly indicate?

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The question asks what a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) on a Pap smear commonly indicates. 
Option 1: 'Bacterial infection' — LSIL is not triggered by a bacterial infection; bacterial infections can cause other cytologic changes but LSIL is typically linked to HPV-related changes in cervical epithelium. 
Option 2: 'Fungal infection' — Fungal infections (like candidiasis) produce different cytology findings and symptoms, not the characteristic LSIL pattern. This choice misattributes the cause. 
Option 3: 'High risk of cervical cancer' — While LSIL can be associated with HPV infection and has some potential to progress, LSIL is generally considered a low-grade lesion with a substantial chance of regression; labeling it as a 'high risk of cervical cancer' overstates the immediate risk and is not the standard interpretation. 
Option 4: 'HPV infection' — This is the best-supported interpretation. LSIL on a Pap smear commonly reflects HPV infection causing mild dysplastic changes in the squamous epithelium, often associated with transient infection and potential for regression. 
Option 5: 'Immune system disorder' — An immune disorder is not the typical or direct explanation for LSIL findings on a Pap smear; while immune status can influence persistence or clearance of HPV, it is not the standard inference from an LSIL result itself. 
In summary, the most accurate association for LSIL on a Pap smear is HPV infection, with other options either describing unrelated causes or mischaracterizing risk.

BIOL 271 Case Study 6 Quiz

What does a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) on a Pap smear commonly indicate?

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