is the concept that practical human actions provide the "motor of history"; class-based issues and conflicts involving land ownership, labor, and wealth influence a society's thought and behavior.

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Question restatement: The prompt asks which concept holds that practical human actions provide the 'motor of history' and that class-based issues like land ownership, labor, and wealth shape a society's thought and behavior. Options presented: Historical Particularism, Reductionism, Historical Materialism, Everyman Theory.

Option 1: Historical Particularism. This stance emphasizes that each culture or society has its own unique historical path and cannot be generalized by universal laws. While it acknowledges the role of history, it does not frame material class relations as the primary motor driving historical change. Therefore, this option is incorrect for the given statement.

Option 2: Reductionism. Reductionism tries to explain complex phenomena by reducing them to simpler components, often ignoring emergent properties and broader social dynamics. The idea that history is driven by reducing everything to basic units does not capture the Marxian focus on material conditions and class struggle as drivers. Hence, this choice is incorrect.

Option 3: Historical Materialism. This is the framework associated with Karl Marx that argues material conditions—especially relations of production, land, labor, and wealth—move history forward, with practical actions of people reflecting and altering those material realities. It directly aligns with the description of the 'motor of history' grounded in class-based issues. This makes it the correct option.

Option 4: Everyman Theory. This term does not correspond to a recognized sociological or historical theory about how history unfolds through material conditions or class dynamics. It sounds generic and vague relative to the specific concept described, making it an incorrect choice.

Summary of evaluation: Historical Particularism and Reductionism fail to capture the 'motor of history' as class-based material conditions, Everyman Theory is not an established framework for this idea, whereas Historical Materialism directly articulates that material relations and class matters propel historical change. The statement in the question matches the core claim of Historical Materialism.

SOC SCI 1A LEC A: PRIN... Quiz #1 (Chps. 1 &2)

is the concept that practical human actions provide the "motor of history"; class-based issues and conflicts involving land ownership, labor, and wealth influence a society's thought and behavior.

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