______________________ (1854-1937) began his career as a taxidermist for the Smithsonian Institution and he became the first director of the New York Zoological Park/Broz Zoo. He was influential in bringing a small herd of bison to New York to establish a breeding population to be re-established in the West in the early twentieth century.

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The question asks to identify the person who (1854-1937) began his career as a taxidermist for the Smithsonian Institution and became the first director of the New York Zoological Park (Bronx Zoo), and who advocated bringing a herd of bison to New York to establish a breeding population for later reintroduction in the West.
Option 1: William Temple Hornaday. This is the historically accurate figure: Hornaday did indeed start as a taxidermist at the Smithsonian and went on to be the first director of the New York Zoological Park, where he was deeply involved in conservation efforts, including building a bison herd to conserve the species and promote reintroduction efforts in the West.
Option 2: George Bird Grinnell. While Grinnell was a prominent naturalist and conservation advocate who championed wildlife protection and bison preservation, he did not serve as a taxidermist for the Smithsonian nor as the director of the Bronx Zoo, making this option incorrect for the specific career path described.
Option 3: John James Audubon. Audubon was a renowned naturalist and painter active in the early 19th century (late 1700s–1850s) and certainly not active in the 1854–1937 timeframe nor connected to the Bronx Zoo as director; this option is historically mismatched.
Option 4: Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt was a pivotal conservation president who supported wildlife protection, yet he did not begin as a Smithsonian taxidermist nor serve as the director of the New York Zoological Park; thus it does not fit the described career trajectory.
In sum, the combination of early taxidermy work at the Smithsonian and becoming the first director of the Bronx Zoo, along with the bison-reintroduction ethos, aligns specifically with William Temple Hornaday, while the other figures, despite related conservation themes, do not fit all elements of the described career path.

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