Julio is a directive leader of a highly cohesive student group on campus. When discussing important policy decisions, the group will be at greatest risk for groupthink if it is

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When evaluating the risk of groupthink in a cohesive group making important policy decisions, we need to consider the conditions that fuel groupthink.

Option 1: 'isolated from dissenting viewpoints.' This scenario is textbook for groupthink: a highly cohesive group that lacks exposure to opposing perspectives is more prone to suppressing doubt, rationalizing poor choices, and conforming to a favored consensus. The absence of dissent reduces critical evaluation and undermines minority viewpoints, increasing the chance of a faulty collective decision.

Option 2: 'composed of the majority and minority students.' Simply having a majority and minority within a group, by itself, does not guarantee dissent; many groups with both factions still experience pressure toward uniformity if cohesion remains high and critical voices are muted. Thus this condition is not the primary predictor of groupthink on its own.

Option 3: 'well-informed regarding both sides of the issue.' Being well-informed on multiple viewpoints actually counteracts groupthink because it equips the group with more information to challenge assumptions, evaluate alternatives, and consider risks, thereby reducing the likelihood of a flawed consensus.

Option 4: 'aware of the dangers of making wrong decisions.' Awareness of potential errors can prompt formal or informal devils-advilil discussions, encourage critical testing of ideas, and introduce checks that deter premature consensus formation; this awareness tends to guard against groupthink rather than promote it.

In sum, the configuration that most directly promotes groupthink is a highly cohesive group that operates in an environment where dissenting viewpoints are silenced or not readily accessible. Each of the other options either describes conditions that mitigate groupthink or do not inherently create the group dynamics that foster it.

Julio is a directive leader of a highly cohesive student group on campus. When discussing important policy decisions, the group will be at greatest risk for groupthink if it is

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