What is a primary reason SGMA was signed in to law?

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Question restatement: What is a primary reason SGMA was signed into law?
Answer options:
1) To curtail unsustainable groundwater use in California
2) To strengthen the surface tension of the California water cycle
3) To counteract the risks of sea level rise/storm surges on coastal communities
4) To manage surface water resources more sustainably in the face of climate change

Option 1: To curtail unsustainable groundwater use in California. This is the core purpose of the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). It was designed to bring groundwater basins under sustainable management to prevent over-pumping, depletion of aquifers, subsidence, and long-term shortages, especially in the face of drought and increasing water demand. The reasoning here connects directly to groundwater governance, groundwater sustainability plans, and basin prioritization.

Option 2: To strengthen the surface tension of the California water cycle. This choice mixes a physics concept (surface tension) with hydrology in a way that is irrelevant to policy aims. SGMA concerns groundwater management, not the molecular properties of water or surface tension phenomena, so this option is conceptually off-target.

Option 3: To counteract the risks of sea level rise/storm surges on coastal communities. While sea level rise and storms are important water-related issues, SGMA is specifically about groundwater management and basins’ sustainability. It does not directly address coastal flood risks from sea level rise or storm surges, which are typically handled by coastal adaptation, levee, and shoreline planning rather than groundwater policy.

Option 4: To manage surface water resources more sustainably in the face of climate change. This option focuses on surface water resources, whereas SGMA’s primary mandate is groundwater management. Although there are integrated water management implications (since surface water and groundwater are interconnected), the law’s central, defining objective is groundwater sustainability, not surface water management.

Summary: The correct rationale centers on addressing groundwater overuse by implementing sustainable management of groundwater basins in California, which aligns with option 1. The other options describe concerns or policies that are not the primary focus of SGMA, or misattribute the policy’s scope to surface water or physical properties of water rather than groundwater governance.

EART-30-01 💡 Week 9 Quiz 2

What is a primary reason SGMA was signed in to law?

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