Which of the following is a key characteristic of Grounded Theory (GT) in qualitative research?

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Grounded Theory is a qualitative method characterized by theory that actually emerges from systematic data collection and analysis, rather than being preconceived before data are gathered.
Option 1: 'Theory emerges from the data through an iterative/cyclical process of data collection, analysis and theory development' This captures the core GT idea: data collection and analysis feed each other in cycles, guiding theory construction, and preventing premature hypotheses.
Option 2: 'Data collection and theory development occur separately, with theory fully formed before data is gathered' This describes a more traditional, deductive plan and contradicts Grounded Theory, which resists forming theory ahead of data and emphasizes interaction between data collection and analysis.
Option 3: 'In a full version of grounded theory, the analysis remains open-ended, with ongoing adjustments and no definitive endpoint.' While GT involves iterative analysis and evolving theory, saying there is no definitive endpoint is misleading; GT studies typically progress toward a theoretical saturation point and aim for a coherent theory, even if the endpoint is not strictly predefined.
Option 4: 'It uses a deductive approach by gathering data to support or challenge a hypothesis/theory' This option reverses GT’s inductive foundation; GT starts with data collection without forcing a preconceived hypothesis, developing theory from the data rather than testing it against predefined hypotheses.

2025/26/1 PSYB19-104 1 - Basics of Research Methods Exam (16 December, 11:00)

Which of the following is a key characteristic of Grounded Theory (GT) in qualitative research?

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