The environmental issues associated with Methane present a profound climate change risk and have significant implications from a financial perspective. Therefore the focus should not just be on CO2. One reason for this is because:

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The question discusses why the focus should extend beyond CO2 when considering methane-related environmental and financial risks. We will evaluate each answer option in turn to understand its validity.

Option 1: 'The primary by-product of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is methane which is far more potent than CO2'. This statement asserts that methane is the primary by-product of fracking and that it is far more potent than CO2. While methane is a significant emission associated with natural gas development and can be released during fracking, the claim that it is the primary by-product is not precise; the process produces various by-products and emissions, including methane and other hydrocarbons, but labeling methane as the singular primary by-product oversimplifies the emissions profile. Moreover, the assertion about potency should be contextualized with global warming potential (GWP) over a specific time horizon. Overall, this option mixes a factual emissions source with an overgeneralization about 'primary by-product' and lacks a precise framing of methane’s climate impact relative to CO2.

Option 2: 'Methane is a climate pollutant 84 times more powerful than CO2 over 20 years'. This statement references methane’s high global warming potential (GWP) over a 20-year horizon, which is a well-cited figure used in climate science to convey methane’s stronger short-term impact compared to CO2. The 84x figure aligns with the commonly cited GWP50 or GWP20 values used in policy and reporting to emphasize methane’s potency in the near term. Interpreting methane as a more powerful climate pollutant over 20 years supports the argument for including methane in climate risk assessments and financial considerations, highlighting why addressing methane emissions matters beyond CO2. This option accurately captures a key nuance of methane’s climate impact over a specific horizon.

Option 3: 'It has a role in ensuring the resilience of natural capital assets and securing them for the future'. This statement attempts to assign a positive or protective role to methane in natural capital resilience. In scientific and policy discussions, methane is generally treated as a potent greenhouse gas with largely adverse climate effects when released. While there are nuanced discussions about natural gas systems and methane capture that can contribute to energy security or emissions reductions if properly managed, framing methane itself as contributing to resilience or securing natural capital for the future is misleading. The core issue in the question is methane’s climate potency and financial implications, not a purported beneficial role of methane in resilience.

Across the options, the second choice aligns with established understanding of methane’s heightened short-term climate impact, while the first option overclaims about the primary by-product nature of fracking and the third option misframes methane’s role in resilience. The reasoning here supports focusing on methane because its high short-term Global Warming Potential drives disproportionate climate risk relative to its atmospheric lifetime, making it a critical area for environmental and financial risk assessment.

25847 Sustainable Finance - Spring 2025 Quiz 4: Topic 4 - Role of Environmental Modelling

The environmental issues associated with Methane present a profound climate change risk and have significant implications from a financial perspective. Therefore the focus should not just be on CO2. One reason for this is because:

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