Esterification requires glycerol 3-phosphate which comes from...

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Question recap: Esterification requires glycerol 3-phosphate which comes from...

Option 1: glycerol released by fat hydrolysis. This is the correct chain of thought. In lipid synthesis, glycerol-3-phosphate is typically produced when glycerol released from adipose triglycerides via lipolysis is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to glycerol-3-phosphate, providing the backbone for triglyceride formation. This aligns with known metabolic pathways where glycerol from fat breakdown feeds into glycerol-3-phosphate utilized in esterification.

Option 2: excess acetyl CoA. While acetyl-CoA is a central metabolite in fatty acid synthesis and energy production, it does not directly furnish glycerol-3-phosphate for esterification. Therefore this option misidentifies the glycerol-3-phosphate source.

Option 3: glucose going down glycolysis. One might think DHAP, an intermediate from glycolysis, could be diverted to glycerol-3-phosphate via glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. However, the typical source for glycerol-3-phosphate used in esterification in many contexts is glycerol from fat lipolysis, not glycolytic DHAP. This makes the statement imprecise as a general rule.

Option 4: excess malonyl CoA. Malonyl-CoA is a building block in fatty acid synthesis and an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation, not a source of glycerol-3-phosphate. It does not contribute to esterification through glycerol-3-phosphate production, so this is incorrect.

In summary, the most direct and commonly cited source of glycerol-3-phosphate for esterification is glycerol released by fat hydrolysis, making option 1 the correct choice. The other options fail to identify the glycerol-3-phosphate precursor or describe pathways unrelated to supplying glycerol-3-phosphate for esterification.

2025_S1C_BCMB2001/BCMB2901/MEDS2003 Metabolism Revision 3 - Lectures 10/11/12/13/14

Esterification requires glycerol 3-phosphate which comes from...

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