The synthesis of glucose from lactate, glycerol, or amino acids is called

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The question asks for the name of the metabolic process that synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors such as lactate, glycerol, or amino acids.
Option a: lipolysis. This is the breakdown of lipids into glycerol and free fatty acids, not a pathway that directly generates glucose. So lipolysis supplies glycerol but is not itself the glucose-producing pathway.
Option b: glycolysis. This is the cytosolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate with energy release; it consumes glucose rather than synthesizes it. Therefore, glycolysis is the opposite of what is being asked.
Option c: gluconeogenesis. This pathway constructs glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates like lactate, glycerol, and certain amino acids, effectively raising blood glucose levels when dietary intake is insufficient. It is essentially the reverse of glycolysis, with some bypass steps to overcome irreversible reactions in glycolysis.
Option d: transamination. This involves transfer of amino groups between amino acids and keto acids, contributing to amino acid metabolism and nitrogen balance rather than directly producing glucose. While it feeds into gluconeogenesis by providing certain substrates, transamination itself is not the glucose-generating pathway.
In summary, the process that directly synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors aligns with gluconeogenesis, rather than the other listed processes.

The synthesis of glucose from lactate, glycerol, or amino acids is called

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