A _________________ is a segment of DNA coding for a specific polypeptide (or protein)?

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Question restatement: A _________________ is a segment of DNA coding for a specific polypeptide (or protein)?

Option 1: gene. – This choice correctly identifies a gene as a basic unit of heredity that corresponds to a specific sequence of DNA which encodes the information necessary to synthesize a particular polypeptide or protein. It aligns with fundamental molecular biology concepts about how genes carry instructions for protein production.

Option 2: trisomy. – A trisomy refers to the presence of an extra chromosome in a cell, such as trisomy 21 in Down syndrome. It is a chromosomal abnormality, not a description of a DNA segment that codes for a protein.

Option 3: chromosome. – A chromosome is a larger structure containing many genes along with regulatory regions and other DNA sequences. It is not itself a single segment coding for one specific polypeptide, but rather a collection of many genes.

Option 4: karyotype. – A karyotype is a graphical representation of an organism’s complete set of chromosomes, used for examining chromosomal number and structure. It is a diagnostic image, not a DNA segment that codes for a protein.

Additional context: The key concept is that a gene is the functional unit of heredity that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein through transcription and translation. The other terms describe larger-scale chromosomal concepts or diagnostic tools rather than a discrete coding segment for a single polypeptide.

Sp25 ANTH D001L 01 Phys Anthro Lab Midterm Exam

A _________________ is a segment of DNA coding for a specific polypeptide (or protein)?

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