A segment of DNA that codes for a protein product is called:

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A DNA segment that codes for a protein product is being defined in this question, so we should evaluate each labeled option against that concept.
Option A: 'A. Genome.' A genome is the complete set of genetic material present in an organism or cell. It includes all genes as well as the noncoding regions, regulatory elements, and repetitive sequences. Therefore, a genome is much broader than a single protein-coding segment, making this choice incorrect.
Option B: 'B. Single nucleotide polymorphism.' A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a variation at a single base pair in the DNA sequence among individuals. SNPs are typically not themselves protein-coding genes; they are variations that may be located within or near genes but do not by themselves code for a protein. Thus this option does not describe a DNA segment that codes for a protein, so it is incorrect.
Option C: 'C. Gene.' A gene is a basic unit of heredity that typically includes the DNA sequence necessary to produce a functional product, commonly a protein or a molecule of RNA. When a segment codes for a protein, that segment is conventionally referred to as a gene, satisfying the definition given in the question. Therefore, this option correctly identifies the concept.
Option D: 'D. Chromosome.' A chromosome is a large, organized structure composed of DNA and proteins that contains many genes. While genes reside on chromosomes, a chromosome itself is not a single segment that codes for one protein product; it is a larger unit containing many genes. Hence this choice is incorrect.
In summary, the options present varying levels of genomic organization, but only the description that matches a segment coding for a protein is the one labeled as a gene, which aligns with the common terminology in molecular biology.

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A segment of DNA that codes for a protein product is called:

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