Harriet Martineau’s contribution to the field of sociology was:

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Question restatement: Harriet Martineau’s contribution to the field of sociology was:

Answer options:
1) She asserted that that when studying society, one must focus on all aspects of it.
2) She was the first female sociologist.
3) She critiqued U.S. democracy as flawed and hypocritical for condoning slavery and denying full citizenship to women.
4) All of these

Option 1 analysis: This statement reflects Martineau’s holistic approach to sociology, emphasizing the need to consider social, political, economic, and cultural facets rather than isolating one aspect. Critics would accept that she advocated for a comprehensive study of society, which aligns with her methodological stance.

Option 2 analysis: The claim that she was the first female sociologist is often discussed in introductory histories of sociology. While Martineau is indeed one of the earliest and most influential women in the field, some historians reserve the strict label of “the first” for others depending on criteria used (e.g., published works, recognition by contemporaries). The key point is that she is among the earliest prominent female sociologists, which supports the assertion but requires careful historical nuance.

Option 3 analysis: Martineau did critique democracy in the United States for enslaving people and restricting women’s citizenship rights, using her observations to argue about social injustice and the gap between democratic ideals and reality. This accurately reflects her broader critique of liberal democracy and social hypocrisy in 19th-century America.

Option 4 analysis: If you consider the above points together, each statement reflects a facet of Martineau’s contribution: holistic study of society (Option 1), precedent as a pioneering female sociologist (Option 2), and explicit social critique of democracy and rights (Option 3). Taken collectively, they describe a coherent portrait of her impact on sociology. Therefore, the option that best captures the overall contribution is the one that asserts all of these elements together (Option 4).

Synthesis note: The overarching idea is that Martineau advanced sociology through a comprehensive lens, highlighted gendered barriers in the discipline, and used sociopolitical critique to highlight injustices—an integrated legacy that is most accurately represented by selecting ‘All of these.’

Introduction to Sociology Exam #1

Harriet Martineau’s contribution to the field of sociology was:

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