Extracellular water volume relies on _______and ________ concentrations.

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When analyzing extracellular water volume, the key ions that establish the osmotic and fluid balance across the capillary and cell membranes are those found predominantly in the extracellular compartment. 
Option 1: Sodium and chloride. This pairing aligns with the classic composition of the ECF, where sodium is the principal extracellular cation and chloride is a major accompanying anion; together they drive the osmotic gradient that determines ECF volume.
Option 2: Potassium and phosphate. Potassium is chiefly an intracellular ion, and phosphate distribution is more complex but not the defining pair for ECF osmolarity; this combination does not accurately reflect the primary extracellular milieu.
Option 3: Potassium and sodium. While both ions exist in the body, potassium is largely intracellular, and the mere presence of sodium here does not specify the correct complementary anion; the statement fails to capture the dominant extracellular pairing that governs ECF volume.
Option 4: Phosphate and chloride. Chloride is important in the extracellular space, but phosphate is more variably distributed and not the principal determinant of extracellular volume in the same way that the sodium–chloride duo is; thus this pairing is not the standard descriptor for ECF osmolarity.
In summary, the extracellular fluid’s volume is best explained by the sodium–chloride balance driving osmotic forces, whereas the other pairings involve ions that are less representative of the primary extracellular osmotic environment.

Extracellular water volume relies on _and __ concentrations.

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