According to psychologists Jeanne Nakamura and Mihály Csíkszentmihályi, flow is described as all of these except:

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Question restatement: According to psychologists Jeanne Nakamura and Mihály Csíkszentmihályi, flow is described as all of these except:

Option 1: 'focus on the experience rather than the self' — This aligns with flow theory, which emphasizes immersion in the activity and a diminished focus on the self, making this statement consistent with flow.

Option 2: 'control over the situation' — Flow involves a sense of mastery and control over the activity or task, so this option correctly describes a feature of flow.

Option 3: 'a hypersensitivity to sights, smells, sounds and feelings' — This is not a described characteristic of flow. Flow is characterized by immersion and reduced self-awareness, not heightened sensory hypersensitivity as a defining feature. The emphasis is on task engagement rather than amplified sensory reactivity.

Option 4: 'a state of intense concentration' — Intense concentration is a hallmark of flow; during flow, attention is fully absorbed in the activity.

Option 5: 'a loss of the sense of time passing' — Time distortion, often described as time slowing or losing track of time, is commonly reported in flow experiences.

Why the incorrect options are flawed in relation to flow: 
- Option 1 overstates a detachment from experience; in flow, the person is fully engaged with the experience, not dispassionately observing from a distance, so the focus on the experience is positive but not about hypersensitivity. 
- Option 2 correctly captures the sense of competence and control within the activity, which is a recognized aspect of flow.
- Option 4 and Option 5 describe cognitive immersion and altered time perception that Csíkszentmihályi identifies as part of flow, reinforcing their validity.
- Option 3 introduces a sensory hypersensitivity construct that flow theory does not describe as a defining feature; it misrepresents the state by suggesting heightened sensory processing rather than immersive engagement.

Overall assessment: The statement that does not describe flow is the hypersensitivity to sights, smells, sounds and feelings, making Option 3 the correct answer for the 'except' condition.

Accelerated ELL Writing 3 | Quiz: Why does experiencing flow feel so good?

According to psychologists Jeanne Nakamura and Mihály Csíkszentmihályi, flow is described as all of these except:

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