Fermentation does not require _____ to occur, but it does require _____ and _____.

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: Fermentation does not require _____ to occur, but it does require _____ and _____.

Option 1: oxygen; organic compounds; oxidation-reduction reactions
This aligns with fermentation biology. Fermentation does not require molecular oxygen, which differentiates it from aerobic respiration. It does require organic compounds as substrates (they provide carbon and electrons), and it involves redox chemistry where NAD+ is regenerated through oxidation-reduction reactions to allow glycolysis to continue. This option captures the essential elements of classic fermentation.

Option 2: acetyl CoA; lactate; oxygen
Acetyl CoA is a product or intermediate in many metabolic pathways but not a universal requirement for fermentation; lactate is a possible fermentation product in lactate fermentation, but it isn’t a universal requirement. Oxygen is still not required for fermentation, so this option misstates key substrates and products and thus is inaccurate.

Option 3: acetyl CoA; organic compounds; oxidation-reduction reactions
While organic compounds and oxidation-reduction chemistry are relevant to fermentation, acetyl CoA is not generally required for fermentation processes. This makes the option partially incorrect because it asserts a nonessential component (acetyl CoA) as a requirement.

Option 4: None of the above
Since option 1 correctly identifies the non-necessity of oxygen and the necessity of organic substrates plus redox reactions, this statement would be misleading. The correct combination described in option 1 is indeed a valid characterization of fermentation.

Fermentation does not require ___ to occur, but it does require _ and ___.

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