To this day, unemployment insurance is a federal program administered separately by states. Katznelson (2005), the source for our in-class discussion, argues that this decision represented a political compromise with the Southern Democrats. Below are listed the two goals that Southern Democrats had that we discussed in class. Which one of these goals was met through state control of the conditions under which unemployment insurance was administered?

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The question asks which goal of Southern Democrats was achieved through state control of unemployment insurance administration, as discussed in Katznelson (2005).
Option 1: 'Provide government funding to their constituents' — While unemployment programs involve funding, the historical point Katznelson emphasizes is not primarily about channeling funds to constituents. The broader strategic aim tied to state control was political and racial in nature, rather than a straightforward fiscal subsidy to supporters.
Option 2: 'Preserve racial hierarchies inherent in Jim Crow' — This aligns with the argument that withholding uniform federal control allowed Southern legislators to implement and maintain Jim Crow structures in the South through state-level administration. By keeping unemployment policy under state authority, they could shape eligibility and administration in ways that reinforced racial segregation and subordinate status for Black workers, fitting the described political compromise.
Option 3: 'There is only one way to understand motivation: as the way that we behave to reduce increased drive states.' — This option misapplies a motivation theory concept and does not correspond to the historical policy debate about unemployment insurance administration and Southern political goals. It introduces a theory-focused claim that is not part of Katznelson’s historical analysis.
Option 4: 'Motivation can only apply to psychological and emotional states, such as motivating oneself to study or to improve self-control to lose weight.' — This option is an incorrect generalization about motivation. It erroneously limits motivation to internal psychological states and ignores structural, political, and policy-level motivations that Katznelson discusses in the context of federalism and racial policy.
Option 5: 'Provide government funding to their constituents' (restate) — Although funding is a feature of social programs, Katznelson’s specific historical interpretation centers on the strategic use of state control to preserve racial hierarchies rather than a generalized gain for constituents via funding. This makes it a less precise fit with the stated class discussion.
Overall, the analysis shows how the selected goal most consistent with state-level administration under Jim Crow-era politics is the preservation of racial hierarchies, as discussed in Katznelson's framework.

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