Unlike the Articles of Confederation the Constitution does which of the following?

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Question restatement: Unlike the Articles of Confederation the Constitution does which of the following?
Option 1: Emphasizes both national sovereignty and federalism. This statement aligns with the core design of the Constitution, which creates a system of shared sovereignty where power is divided and balanced between national and state governments, addressing the limitations of the Articles that lacked a strong central authority yet preserved state power. The Constitution establishes a federal framework, not a purely national or purely state system.
Option 2: Establishes a unitary form of government. A unitary system concentrates power at the national level with little to no authority reserved to subnational units. The Constitution, by contrast, deliberately distributes power to both national and state governments, with reserved powers and concurrent powers, so this option is inconsistent with the constitutional structure.
Option 3: Restricts the ability of Congress to establish an army or navy. The Constitution actually empowers Congress to raise and support armies and to provide and maintain a navy, along with powers to regulate funding and national defense. Therefore this claim misstates constitutional provisions and is incorrect.
Option 4: Restricts the ability of Congress to tax. On the contrary, the Constitution explicitly grants Congress the power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, establishing a broad revenue-raising authority. This option misrepresents the tax powers granted to Congress and is inaccurate.
Option 5: Emphasizes state sovereignty over national sovereignty. While the Constitution does preserve states’ powers through the Tenth Amendment and the federal system, it does not place state sovereignty above national sovereignty; it creates a balance in which both levels of government have defined powers, with national supremacy in certain domains as established by the Supremacy Clause. This option mischaracterizes the federal arrangement.
Additional context: The distinctive shift from the Articles to the Constitution is the establishment of federalism — a division and coexistence of powers between national and state governments — along with a stronger central framework for national issues, while still protecting states’ powers.
In summary, evaluating each option against the constitutional design shows that only the first option accurately captures the essential change introduced by the Constitution compared to the Articles: a system that emphasizes both national sovereignty and federalism, rather than a unitary structure or a one-sided view of sovereignty.

AP GOV Test - Midterm

Unlike the Articles of Confederation the Constitution does which of the following?

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