The term _____ describes the way in which children quickly form an idea of an unfamiliar word's meaning when they hear it being used in a familiar and highly structured situation.

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The question presents a term describing how children quickly infer the meaning of an unfamiliar word when it is heard in a familiar, highly structured context. 
Option 1: 'categorizing principle' — This phrase does not correspond to a well-known term in language development for rapid word meaning inference in context. It’s vague and not standard terminology for this phenomenon. 
Option 2: 'quick recursion' — This term is not associated with early vocabulary acquisition or rapid word meaning inference. Recursion relates to language structure and embedding, not to rapid mapping of new words to meanings. 
Option 3: 'surface structure' — In linguistics, surface structure refers to the outward form of a sentence, not to how children deduce word meaning from context. It does not capture the process described in the question. 
Option 4: 'fast mapping' — This is the established term for the process by which children assign a provisional meaning to a new word after limited exposure, especially when they hear it in a familiar and structured situation. It aligns with research on vocabulary development and the fast mapping phenomenon. 
Thus, among the options, the one that accurately names the described process is the fourth choice.

PSYC-312-02 Quiz Chapter 7

The term _____ describes the way in which children quickly form an idea of an unfamiliar word's meaning when they hear it being used in a familiar and highly structured situation.

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