Which statement(s) best explain why Popper stressed falsifiability as well as testability for demarcating science from pseudo-science?

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The question asks which statements help explain Popper’s emphasis on falsifiability in addition to testability for distinguishing science from pseudo-science.
Option 1: 'Some theories are falsifiable in principle but not testable in practice.' This captures a key practical concern Popper highlighted: a theory might be logically falsifiable (you could conceive a possible observation that would refute it) yet be so resistant to actual testing due to constraints like time, resources, or current technology that empirical disconfirmation cannot be pursued. This shows that merely being falsifiable is not enough unless testing is feasible, reinforcing the need for both falsifiability and the possibility of testing in practice.
Option 2: 'Some theories are testable but not falsifiable.' This points to the danger of theories that can be subjected to observation and experiments but are not falsifiable in principle, meaning there is no possible observation that could refute them. Popper argued that such theories fail the demarcation criterion because they do not expose themselves to potential refutation, and thus cannot be considered scientific in the strict sense. Recognizing this tension helps explain why testability alone is insufficient and why falsifiability is essential.
Both statements illustrate why Popper insisted on combining falsifiability with testability: the first emphasizes practical limits on testing while the second emphasizes the necessity of a genuine potential for refutation to avoid pseudo-science. The overall reasoning shows how each issue highlights shortcomings of theories that would otherwise slip outside rigorous scientific scrutiny.

SCIE20001_2025_SM2 Activity 1.3 Ungraded practice quiz

Which statement(s) best explain why Popper stressed falsifiability as well as testability for demarcating science from pseudo-science?

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