Which of the following is a variable that should be controlled due to its potential influence on a study?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When considering what variable should be controlled because it may influence the outcomes of a study, we need to distinguish between different types of variables and their roles in research.
Option 1: 'Relevant variable' is not a standard term used to categorize a variable in experimental design. While a variable could be relevant, this label does not identify a specific type that researchers are typically instructed to control.
Option 2: 'Independent variable' is the variable that the researcher deliberately changes to observe its effect. Rather than being controlled to minimize unwanted influence, it is the variable whose effect is being tested, so it is not something to be controlled in the sense of holding constant.
Option 3: 'Dependent variable' is the outcome or response that is measured in the experiment. It is the effect or result that may change due to manipulations, not a nuisance factor to be controlled, so this is not describing a confounding variable that needs control.
Option 4: 'Extraneous variable' refers to any uncontrolled factor that could affect the dependent variable and thus threaten internal validity. These are precisely the kinds of variables researchers strive to control or account for, so that they do not confound the observed relationship.
In summary, among the options, the term that corresponds to a factor that should be controlled because it can bias results is 'Extraneous variable'.

Which of the following is a variable that should be controlled due to its potential influence on a study?

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