London argues that we should integrate AI into medicine because (Check BOTH that apply)

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Question restatement: London argues for integrating AI into medicine and asks you to check all statements that apply.
Option 1: 'Because requiring that AI be interpretable may be requiring more from it than we require from human decisions.' This line of reasoning emphasizes that demanding full interpretability from AI could impose greater constraints on machine reasoning than we typically expect from human clinicians, suggesting a practical humility about what interpretability feasibly demands. It also points to a comparison between human and machine decision-making burdens, which is central to the integration argument.
Option 2: 'Because automating the diagnostic process will increase efficiency in the medical system and decrease costs for consumers.' While efficiency and cost reduction are appealing outcomes, this claim reflects a practical, policy-oriented benefit rather than a core theoretical justification for why AI should be integrated in medicine from London’s perspective. It is not the kind of epistemic or methodological justification London emphasizes about AI’s role in medicine.
Option 3: 'Because physicians are often plagued by bias, and AI does not contain any biases.' This statement is inaccurate in both parts. AI systems can reflect data biases and designer biases, and asserting that AI contains no biases is incorrect. The claim mischaracterizes the bias landscape in AI and oversimplifies bias mitigation, which weakens its suitability as a justification.
Option 4: 'The opaque, atheoretical, and associationist reasoning it uses is more common in medicine than critics recognize.' This option aligns with London’s critique of AI’s opacity and the kind of reasoning it embodies (often pattern-based, data-driven, and not always grounded in explicit theories). He argues that such reasoning is more embedded in medical practice than critics acknowledge, making this a valid justification for integrating AI.
Summary note: Options 1 and 4 address foundational epistemic and methodological considerations about AI in medicine, while Options 2 and 3 lean on practical or inaccurate claims that do not capture London’s central arguments.

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London argues that we should integrate AI into medicine because (Check BOTH that apply)

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