How do experts differ from novices in terms of attention?

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Question restatement: How do experts differ from novices in terms of attention?
Option 1: 'Experts focus on deep structure and contextually-relevant features.' This aligns with theories of expertise, where experienced individuals quickly perceive underlying patterns and meaningful cues, allowing attention to be directed toward high-level structure and relevant context.
Option 2: 'Experts and novices attend to the same features.' This is a common misconception; research shows that experts filter information differently, not simply process the same features as beginners, due to more organized schemas.
Option 3: 'Experts focus on superficial, surface-level features.' This is characteristic of novices rather than experts, who tend to ignore superficial details in favor of deeper relations and core principles.
Option 4: 'Experts tend to focus on the individual parts of problems, whereas novices chunk the relevant parts together.' This describes a mistaken view; experts actually chunk information into meaningful units or patterns, reducing cognitive load by seeing relationships rather than isolated parts.
Further reflection: The distinction between deep-structure processing and surface cues is a fundamental element of expertise. Experts apply prior knowledge to identify what matters in a given context, while novices often rely on isolated details. The wording in Option 1 captures this difference by emphasizing deep structure and contextually relevant features, whereas the other options either deny this differentiation or mischaracterize how experts allocate attention. In summary, Option 1 accurately reflects how experts allocate attention to high-level, meaningful information, while Options 2, 3, and 4 propose incorrect accounts of expert attention and its development.

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How do experts differ from novices in terms of attention?

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