For the VLOOKUP or HLOOKUP function, the lookup_value can be:

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When considering what the lookup_value argument can be in VLOOKUP or HLOOKUP, several possibilities are allowed by Excel's functions and help documentation.
Option: 'text' — This is valid. A lookup_value can be a text string that matches a text entry in the first column (for VLOOKUP) or first row (for HLOOKUP) of the lookup range.
Option: 'a name or reference that refers to a value' — This is also valid. You can use a named range or a cell reference as the lookup_value, as long as its evaluated value matches something in the lookup array or row.
Option: 'any of these choices' — This option is itself a statement about all permissible types, and given the other options are valid, this is a plausible encompassing choice.
Option: 'a logical value' — This is valid too. A TRUE/FALSE value can be used as a lookup_value and will match corresponding boolean entries in the lookup array.
Option: 'a number' — This is valid as well. Numeric lookup_values are commonly used to locate a numeric entry in the first column (VLOOKUP) or first row (HLOOKUP).
The underlying concept is that lookup_value is the value you want to locate within the lookup table, and Excel accepts text, numbers, logicals, and references that produce these types, as long as there is a corresponding match in the lookup range. Each of the non-encompassing options represents one of the valid data types that could serve as a lookup_value in practical scenarios.
Keep in mind that the exact matching behavior depends on whether you use an exact match (range_lookup set to FALSE) or an approximate match (TRUE or omitted), and on the structure of your lookup_table. If a provided lookup_value has the same data type and, when necessary, aligns with the data type in the lookup area, a match can be found.

CSE 2111 SP2025 (7144) Carmen Quiz 7 - Chapter 7 - Reference Functions

For the VLOOKUP or HLOOKUP function, the lookup_value can be:

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