The only difference between a VLookup and HLookup table is that:

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Begin by considering what VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP actually do in a typical spreadsheet context. The core idea is about orientation: VLOOKUP searches vertically down a table and uses the first column as the lookup key, while HLOOKUP searches horizontally across a table and uses the first row as the lookup key.
Option a: 'the rows in an HLookup table can be in any order.' This is misleading. While HLOOKUP can still find a match in the first row if you use an exact-match setting, the statement suggests a permissive flexibility that isn’t defined or guaranteed by the function itself. In practice, the critical constraint is the location of the lookup row (the first row), not arbitrary row order, so this option is not an accurate general difference.
Option b: 'one is arranged horizontally; the other is arranged vertically.' This aligns with the fundamental distinction: VLOOKUP uses columns (vertical orientation) and HLOOKUP uses rows (horizontal orientation). The terminology of vertical vs. horizontal makes this statement correctly reflect the difference between the two lookup functions.
Option c: 'an HLookup can only have 2 rows, but a VLookup table can have many columns.' This is false. Neither function is restricted to two rows or to any specific number of columns for VLOOKUP. The number of rows and columns can be large, and there is no inherent 2-row limitation for HLOOKUP.
Option d: 'the columns in a VLookup table can be in any order.' This is incorrect. For VLOOKUP, the lookup column must be the leftmost (the first column) of the table array; rearranging columns can change results or require additional handling (like rearranging the table or using INDEX/MATCH). Therefore, this statement misstates a key behavioral rule of VLOOKUP.

The only difference between a VLookup and HLookup table is that:

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