Which of the following takes a LONG time and results in few phenotypic changes?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To tackle the question, I’ll review what each option implies about timescale and phenotypic change.
Option a: Sexual selection. This process can occur relatively quickly across generations when mating preferences shift, leading to noticeable traits in a shorter timeframe. Thus, it does not fit the description of taking a long time with few changes.
Option b: Artificial selection. Humans impose selection pressures on populations (e.g., crops, livestock) and often see rapid changes in traits due to strong, targeted selection. This typically yields noticeable phenotypic changes in a shorter period, so it’s not the long, slow scenario described.
Option c: Natural selection. While natural selection can operate over long periods, many classic cases show appreciable phenotypic changes within thousands to millions of years depending on the population and trait. It can produce substantial changes, so it’s not inherently characterized by long times with few changes.
Option d: Directional selection. This form of selection pushes a trait in a specific direction and often leads to relatively rapid phenotypic shifts over generations until the trait reaches an extreme. Therefore, it does not match the idea of a very long timeframe with few changes.
Option e: Macroevolution. Macroevolution refers to large-scale evolutionary changes that occur over long geological timescales, such as the emergence of new families, genera, or major body plans, and often involve few visible phenotypic changes within short intervals but accumulate significant differences over vast times. This aligns with the description of taking a long time and resulting in relatively few phenotypic changes at small scales, while producing major evolutionary transitions over extended periods.
In summary, among the options, macroevolution best fits the description of a process that takes a long time and yields comparatively few phenotypic changes on shorter timescales, yet leads to substantial evolutionary development over extended durations.

BIO 181 (001&002) FALL 2025 FA25: Cumulative Exam 4 covers the most important content from Units 1-4: You can do this!!! : ) [Grade is out of 150/900 pts, the same am't of pts for the active learning "easy points" classwork.]

Which of the following takes a LONG time and results in few phenotypic changes?

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