Darwin’s work on the Galapagos Islands led him to derive all of the following concepts, EXCEPT:

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The question asks which concept Darwin did NOT derive from his work on the Galapagos Islands, so we must evaluate each option in terms of Darwinian theory.
Option a: Inheriting acquired characteristics. This idea is closely associated with Lamarck, who proposed that traits acquired during an organism's lifetime could be passed to offspring. Darwin rejected this mechanism and instead argued that heritable variation is produced by random genetic differences, not by use or disuse of organs. Therefore, this option is incorrect as something Darwin did not derive.
Option b: Natural selection. Darwin famously proposed natural selection as the key mechanism by which evolution occurs, describing how differential survival and reproduction of individuals with favorable variations leads to adaptation over generations. This is a core component of his theory, so this option is something Darwin did derive.
Option c: Evolutionary adaptation. Under Darwinian theory, populations accumulate heritable variations that confer advantages in a given environment, leading to adaptation over time. This is a direct consequence of natural selection and Darwin’s overall framework, so this option is also something Darwin derived.
Option d: Heritable variation. For natural selection to operate, there must be heritable differences among individuals. Darwin emphasized variation within populations as the raw material for evolution, making this a fundamental part of his work, thus something he derived.
In summary, the statement that Darwin did not derive is the concept of inheriting acquired characteristics, which aligns with Lamarckian ideas rather than Darwinian theory. Each of the other options corresponds to central elements of Darwin’s explanation of how evolution and adaptation occur through natural selection acting on heritable variation.

BIO 181 (001&002) FALL 2025 FA25: Cumulative Exam 4 covers the most important content from Units 1-4: You can do this!!! : ) [Grade is out of 150/900 pts, the same am't of pts for the active learning "easy points" classwork.]

Darwin’s work on the Galapagos Islands led him to derive all of the following concepts, EXCEPT:

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