The aspect of total daily energy expenditure that we have the most control over is the thermic effect of food.

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The statement in the question claims that the aspect of total daily energy expenditure we have the most control over is the thermic effect of food.

Option 1: True. This is not accurate because the thermic effect of food (TEF) is the energy expended to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients, and it tends to be relatively stable and small compared to other components. While you can influence TEF somewhat by macronutrient composition (e.g., protein has a higher TEF than fat or carbohydrates), it is not the component you can modify most strongly on a daily basis.

Option 2: False. This statement correctly identifies that TEF is not the component we have the most control over. The two other major components of total daily energy expenditure are resting metabolic rate/BMR and energy expenditure from physical activity. Of these, daily physical activity and structure (habitual movement, intentional exercise) are far more responsive to behavior changes than TEF. BMR is largely determined by genetics and body composition, making it less controllable in the short term, while TEF remains comparatively modest and less variable.

Additional context: In practical terms, individuals can more readily increase energy expenditure by increasing physical activity and/or adjusting caloric intake, which indirectly affects body composition and metabolic rate over time, rather than trying to drastically alter TEF. Therefore, labeling TEF as the most controllable component misrepresents how energy expenditure adapts to behavior changes.

HESM 286 (001) FALL 2025 Cumulative Final Exam

The aspect of total daily energy expenditure that we have the most control over is the thermic effect of food.

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