(Q004) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question at hand asks which statement is TRUE among the given options. Below, I examine each choice in turn to assess its accuracy.

Option 1: 'Lysosomes are believed to have originated from the engulfment of bacteria specialized for digestion.' This is not correct in standard cell biology history. Lysosomes arise from endosomal-lysosomal pathways associated with the Golgi apparatus, not from engulfed bacteria specializing in digestion. While lysosomes participate in digestion of materials, the historical-origin claim as written is not the accepted origin narrative for lysosomes.

Option 2: 'The nuclear membrane is thought to have arisen from the plasma membrane invaginating around the DNA.' This statement reflects the widely taught view that the nuclear envelope evolved from invaginations of the ancestral plasma membrane surrounding the genetic material, with subsequent development of the perinuclear space and nuclear pores. This is considered true in many comparative and evolutionary discussions of eukaryotic cell structure.

Option 3: 'Because bacteria do not have mitochondria, they cannot produce ATP in a membrane-dependent fashion.' This is false. Bacteria do produce ATP using membrane-associated processes, notably via the bacterial plasma membrane electron transport chain and ATP synthase. Many prokaryotes rely on membrane-embedded systems to generate ATP, so the lack of mitochondria does not imply an inability to perform membrane-dependent ATP production.

Option 4: 'Chloroplasts and mitochondria share their DNA.' The wording is ambiguous and potentially misleading. Both organelles contain their own DNA, but they do not share a single, common DNA molecule. Each has its own circular genome. The statement could be read as implying they share the same DNA, which is not accurate. At best, it recognizes that both organelles contain DNA, but the claim that they 'share' DNA is not correct in a strict sense.

To summarize the evaluation sequence: Option 1 contains an origin claim about lysosomes that does not align with the standard endomembrane/lysosome origin model. Option 2 aligns with the accepted nuclear envelope origin via membrane invagination. Option 3 contradicts fundamental prokaryotic bioenergetics by noting membrane-dependent ATP production in bacteria. Option 4 is partially true in that both organelles have DNA, but the phrasing suggests they share the DNA, which is inaccurate since each has its own genome. Taken together, Option 2 stands out as the true statement among the choices.

(Q004) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

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